absorption band

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absorption band

A scientist points to an absorption band on a spectrum chart.

Definition

Noun: - A dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths: An absorption band is a range of wavelengths (or frequencies) in the electromagnetic spectrum where a material absorbs light or other radiation more strongly than at adjacent wavelengths. This results in a dark line or band in an otherwise continuous spectrum.

Usage
  • This term is used primarily in the fields of physics, chemistry, astronomy, and materials science to describe and analyze the interaction of light with matter.
  • It is used to identify substances, as different materials have characteristic absorption bands.
  • It often appears in discussions of spectroscopy, molecular structure, and atmospheric science.
Examples
  • The scientist analyzed the absorption band in the infrared spectrum to identify the organic compound.
  • Water vapor in the atmosphere creates a distinct absorption band that telescopes must account for.
  • The graph showed a deep absorption band at 650 nm, indicating the presence of a specific pigment.
Advanced Usage
  • "Band strength": Refers to the intensity or integrated area of an absorption band, which is related to the concentration of the absorbing species.
  • "Bandwidth": In this context, it can refer to the width of the absorption band in the spectrum.
  • "Vibrational absorption band": A specific type of band resulting from the absorption of energy that causes molecular vibrations, typically in the infrared region.
Variants and Related Words
  • Absorption line: A very narrow absorption feature, as opposed to a broader band. Often used in atomic spectroscopy.
  • Absorption spectrum: The overall pattern of absorption bands and lines across a range of wavelengths for a given substance.
  • Absorptivity: A measure of a substance's ability to absorb radiation at a given wavelength.
Synonyms
  • Spectral band (in the context of absorption)
  • Absorption feature
Related Phrases
  • To exhibit an absorption band: Describes a substance showing this spectral feature.
    • Ozone exhibits a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet region.
  • To measure/identify an absorption band: Common collocations in scientific writing.
    • The experiment aimed to measure the absorption band of the new polymer.
Notes
  • An absorption band is the opposite of an emission band, which is a bright band in a spectrum where a substance emits light.
  • The position and shape of absorption bands are fundamental tools for determining the composition and properties of materials, from laboratory samples to distant stars.
absorption band

A scientist points to an absorption band on a spectrum chart.

Noun
  1. a dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths