acid halide

Thân thiện

A chemist carefully adds an acid halide to a flask during an experiment.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A type of organic compound: An acid halide is an organic compound characterized by containing the functional group -COX, where X represents a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). These are derivatives of carboxylic acids.

Usage

• Acid halides are highly reactive compounds used primarily as intermediates in chemical synthesis, especially in acylation reactions to form other organic compounds like amides, esters, and anhydrides.
• The term is used specifically in organic chemistry contexts to describe this class of functionalized molecules.

Examples

• Noun:
  • Acetyl chloride is a common acid halide used in laboratory synthesis.
  • The chemist handled the acid halide with care due to its reactivity and lachrymatory effects.

Advanced Usage

• "Acid chloride": This is the most common and specific type of acid halide, where the halogen is chlorine (X = Cl). The term "acid chloride" is often used interchangeably with "acid halide" in general discussion, though technically it is a subset.
  • The preparation of an acid chloride from a carboxylic acid is a standard procedure.

Variants and Related Words

• Acyl halide: A more general synonym for acid halide. Both terms refer to the same functional group (-COX).
• Acid fluoride, Acid bromide, Acid iodide: Specific names for acid halides based on the identity of the halogen atom (X = F, Br, I).

Synonyms

• Acyl halide

Related Phrases / Terms

• Acylating agent: A substance, like an acid halide, that introduces an acyl group (-COR) into another molecule.
• Carboxylic acid derivative: A broader category of compounds, including acid halides, that are structurally related to carboxylic acids.

Học thuật

Noun

1. organic compounds containing the group -COX where X is a halogen atom

Từ đồng nghĩa

• acyl halide