f

Definition

1. Noun (Biology/Genetics):
   • F₁ generation (First Filial generation): The first generation of offspring produced by crossing two purebred (homozygous) parental lines.
   • F₂ generation (Second Filial generation): The second generation of offspring, produced by crossing two individuals from the F₁ generation with each other.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy tất cả cây con ở thế hệ F₁ đều có hoa màu hồng. (The experiment results show that all plants in the F₁ generation have pink flowers.)
  • Tính trạng lặn xuất hiện trở lại ở thế hệ F₂. (The recessive trait reappeared in the F₂ generation.)

Advanced Usage

• The notations F₁, F₂, F₃, etc., are standard in Mendelian genetics to denote successive filial generations.
  • Nhà di truyền học theo dõi sự phân ly tính trạng qua các thế hệ F₁, F₂ và F₃. (The geneticist tracked the trait segregation through the F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations.)

Variants and Related Words

• Thế hệ bố mẹ (P generation) (n): Parental generation.
  • Thế hệ bố mẹ (P) bao gồm các cây thuần chủng hoa đỏ và hoa trắng. (The parental (P) generation consists of purebred red-flowered and white-flowered plants.)

Synonyms

• Filial generation: A generation of offspring from a specific cross.
• Progeny generation: Another term for a generation of descendants.

Related Terms

• Cross / Hybridization: The mating of two genetically different individuals.
• Purebred / True-breeding: An organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring.