laffer curve

Thân thiện

The economist draws a laffer curve on the whiteboard.

Definition

Noun: A theoretical graphical representation that illustrates the relationship between tax rates and government tax revenue. It posits that as tax rates increase from zero, government revenue initially increases. However, after reaching a specific optimal point (or rate), further increases in tax rates lead to a decrease in revenue, as higher rates are theorized to discourage economic activity and reduce the taxable base.

Usage

The term is used primarily in discussions of economics, fiscal policy, and political theory to argue for or against changes in taxation levels. - It is typically preceded by the definite article "the" (e.g., the Laffer curve). - It is used to describe the concept, not a specific, empirically drawn chart.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The economist used the Laffer curve to argue that lowering the high marginal tax rate could actually increase total government receipts.
  • A core tenet of supply-side economics is the concept illustrated by the Laffer curve.
  • The debate centered on whether the current tax policy was on the prohibitive side of the Laffer curve.

Advanced Usage

• "On the left/upward-sloping side of the Laffer curve": Refers to the range of tax rates where increasing rates leads to higher revenue.
  • They argued the economy was on the left side of the Laffer curve, so a tax hike would raise more money.
• "On the right/downward-sloping side of the Laffer curve": Refers to the range where tax rates are so high that increasing them reduces revenue.
  • Proponents of the tax cut claimed we were on the wrong side of the Laffer curve.
• "The peak/vertex of the Laffer curve": Refers to the theoretical optimal tax rate that maximizes revenue.
  • The political challenge is identifying the precise peak of the Laffer curve.

Variants and Related Words

• Lafferite (adj/noun): Relating to or a proponent of the theories associated with the Laffer curve and supply-side economics.
  • The senator's Lafferite proposals were controversial.
• Supply-side economics (noun phrase): The school of economic thought with which the Laffer curve is closely associated, emphasizing tax cuts to stimulate production (supply).

Synonyms

• Tax revenue curve: A more generic, descriptive synonym, though it lacks the specific theoretical connotations.
• Revenue-maximizing tax rate model: A descriptive phrase for the concept.

Related Phrases

• Dynamic scoring: A method of budget analysis that attempts to incorporate macroeconomic feedback effects, such as those predicted by the Laffer curve, from tax policy changes.
  • The analysis used dynamic scoring, which accounted for potential Laffer curve effects.
• Taxable income elasticity: The economic responsiveness of taxable income to tax rate changes, which is a key determinant of the Laffer curve's shape.

Notes

• The curve is named after American economist Arthur Laffer, who popularized the concept in the 1970s.
• It is a subject of significant debate; while the general inverted-U shape is accepted in theory, there is considerable disagreement about where the revenue-maximizing point lies for different taxes and economies.
• The term is often used in political rhetoric to support arguments for tax cuts.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a graph purporting to show the relation between tax rates and government income; income increases as tax rates increase up to an optimum beyond which income declines

Từ đồng nghĩa

• laffer curve