kolkhoz
/kɔl'kɔ:z/
Definition
Noun: A kolkhoz is a type of collective farm that was owned and operated by the state in the former Soviet Union and other communist countries. It was a fundamental unit of agricultural production where farmers pooled their land, labor, and resources.
Usage
The word kolkhoz is a historical and political term. It is used when discussing the economic and agricultural systems of the Soviet Union and similar communist states. It is a specific, proper noun for this type of farm.
Examples
- The government required all peasants to join the kolkhoz.
- Life on a kolkhoz was often difficult, with farmers having to meet state production quotas.
- Historians study the kolkhoz system to understand Soviet agricultural policy.
Advanced Usage
- The term is often contrasted with sovkhoz (a state-owned farm where workers were paid wages, unlike the collective model of the kolkhoz).
- It can be used metaphorically to describe any rigidly collective or state-controlled enterprise.
- The new corporate policy turned the creative department into a bureaucratic kolkhoz.
Variants and Related Words
- Kolkhoznik (noun): A member or worker on a kolkhoz.
- The kolkhozniks gathered for a meeting.
Synonyms
- Collective farm
- Cooperative farm (though this is a more general, non-communist specific term)
Antonyms
- Private farm
- Sovkhoz (in the specific Soviet context, as a different model of state farm)
Notes
- Kolkhoz is a loanword from Russian (колхоз), which is itself a contraction of "коллективное хозяйство" (), meaning "collective farm."
- The plural form is kolkhozes or kolkhozy.
Noun
- a collective farm owned by the communist state
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