Definition

1. Noun (Historical):
   • Emoluments (of a mandarin): Refers to the salary, stipend, or official income received by a government mandarin or official in historical, feudal Vietnam.

Usage Notes

• This is an archaic term, primarily encountered in historical texts or discussions about the pre-modern Vietnamese administrative system. It is not used in contemporary language to discuss modern salaries or wages.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Các quan lại sống bằng đẩu thăng từ triều đình. (The mandarins lived on emoluments from the court.)
  • Đẩu thăng thường được trả bằng thóc hoặc bạc. (Emoluments were often paid in rice or silver.)

Advanced Usage

• The term is specific to the context of the Confucian-based mandarinate system. It implies not just payment but the entire compensation package and privileges associated with a bureaucratic rank.

Variants and Related Words

• Bổng lộc (n): A more common historical term for the perks, benefits, and income of an official, often encompassing both formal salary and informal gains.
• Lương (n): The modern, general word for salary or wage.

Synonyms

• Stipend: A fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance.
• Salary: Fixed regular payment for employment.
• Remuneration: Money paid for work or a service.

Related Concepts

• Chế độ khoa cử: The imperial examination system, which was the pathway to becoming a mandarin eligible for .
• Quan chế: The official rank and regulation system of the historical bureaucracy.