Lichenes

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Definition

Noun: 1. A taxonomic group comprising lichens: "Lichenes" is the former taxonomic class or division name for organisms commonly known as lichens. These are symbiotic associations, primarily between a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner, such as algae or cyanobacteria (the photobiont).

Usage
  • The term "Lichenes" is primarily used in historical, taxonomic, or formal scientific contexts to refer to lichens as a collective biological group.
  • In modern taxonomy, lichens are no longer treated as a separate, independent taxonomic group ("Lichenes"). They are now understood to be symbiotic organisms and are classified under the fungal partner's taxonomic group.
Examples
  • Scientific Context:
    • Early botanical texts often placed "Lichenes" between algae and fungi.
    • The classification "Lichenes" reflected the once-prevailing view of lichens as distinct organisms.
Advanced Usage
  • Taxonomic Note: Contemporary biology does not recognize "Lichenes" as a valid, monophyletic taxon. The current approach is to classify a lichen based on the identity of its fungal component. Therefore, you will encounter lichen-forming fungi within the Ascomycota and, less commonly, Basidiomycota.
Variants and Related Words
  • Lichen (n): The common name for the symbiotic organism. This is the standard word used in all modern contexts, from science to everyday language.
    • Lichen grows on rocks and tree bark.
  • Lichenology (n): The scientific study of lichens.
  • Lichenologist (n): A scientist who studies lichens.
Synonyms
  • Lichens (the modern, common term)
  • Lichenized fungi (a precise scientific term emphasizing the fungal nature of the partnership)
Noun
  1. comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi

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