acceptor rna
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun A type of RNA molecule found within cells that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying a specific amino acid to the growing protein chain at a ribosome, ensuring the correct amino acid is added according to the genetic instructions provided by messenger RNA (mRNA).
Examples of Usage
- During translation, each acceptor RNA molecule binds to its specific amino acid.
- The ribosome reads the mRNA codon and matches it with the anticodon of the appropriate acceptor RNA.
- The accuracy of protein synthesis depends on the correct pairing between the acceptor RNA and the mRNA template.
Advanced Usage
- The term acceptor RNA is largely synonymous with the more commonly used term transfer RNA (tRNA). In modern biochemical literature, "tRNA" is the standard term.
- It is described as an "acceptor" because one end of the molecule accepts, or becomes covalently bonded to, a specific amino acid.
Variants and Related Words
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) (n): The standard and more frequently used term for acceptor RNA.
- Aminoacyl-tRNA (n): The actual form of the molecule when it is charged with its specific amino acid, ready for protein synthesis.
Synonyms
- Transfer RNA
- tRNA
- Soluble RNA (sRNA) (an older, less common synonym)
Related Phrases and Concepts
- Anticodon: The three-nucleotide sequence on the acceptor RNA that base-pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA.
- Aminoacylation: The enzymatic process of attaching an amino acid to its corresponding acceptor RNA molecule.
- Ribosome: The cellular structure where acceptor RNA delivers amino acids for protein assembly.
Noun
- RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)