acid anhydrides
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Definition
- Noun:
- Organic compounds that react with water to form an acid: Acid anhydrides are a class of chemical compounds, typically derived from acids by the removal of water. They are characterized by their reactivity with water (hydrolysis), which regenerates the parent acid.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Acetic anhydride is a common laboratory reagent and an example of acid anhydrides.
- The reaction of acid anhydrides with water is exothermic and yields carboxylic acids.
- In organic synthesis, acid anhydrides are often used for acylation reactions.
Advanced Usage
"Mixed anhydride": An acid anhydride derived from two different carboxylic acids.
- A mixed anhydride can be an intermediate in the formation of peptide bonds.
"Symmetrical anhydride": An acid anhydride where both acyl groups are identical.
- Acetic anhydride is a symmetrical anhydride derived from two molecules of acetic acid.
Variants and Related Words
Anhydride (n): The general term for a compound formed by the removal of water. "Acid anhydride" is a specific type.
- Sulfur trioxide is an anhydride of sulfuric acid.
Acyl group (n): The functional group (R-CO-) transferred by acid anhydrides and other reagents.
- The reaction involves the transfer of an acyl group from the anhydride.
Synonyms
- Acyl anhydride: A more precise synonym, emphasizing the acyl group composition.
- Acid oxide: A term sometimes used for inorganic anhydrides (e.g., carbon dioxide is the acid oxide of carbonic acid).
Related Phrases and Concepts
Hydrolysis of anhydrides: The chemical process where acid anhydrides react with water.
- The hydrolysis of acid anhydrides is a key step in their identification.
Acylation agent: A substance, like an acid anhydride, used to introduce an acyl group into a molecule.
- Acid anhydrides serve as effective acylation agents in organic chemistry.
Noun
- organic compounds that react with water to form an acid