acyl
Definition
Noun: * In organic chemistry, an acyl is a functional group derived from an oxoacid (like a carboxylic acid) by removal of a hydroxyl group (-OH). It has the general structure R-C=O, where R is an organic group (such as an alkyl or aryl group). The carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Examples of Usage
- Noun:
- Acetyl chloride is a common reagent for introducing an acyl group into a molecule.
- The reaction involves the transfer of an acyl group from one compound to another.
- In biochemistry, acyl coenzyme A derivatives are crucial intermediates in metabolism.
Advanced Usage
- "Acyl cation": A positively charged ion with the structure R-C≡O⁺, which is a highly reactive intermediate in some organic reactions.
- The Friedel-Crafts acylation proceeds via an acyl cation intermediate.
- "Acyl enzyme intermediate": In enzymology, a temporary covalent complex formed between an enzyme and a substrate molecule via an acyl group.
- The catalytic mechanism of serine proteases involves the formation of a stable acyl enzyme intermediate.
Variants and Related Words
- Acyl group (n): The specific functional group (RCO-). This term is often used interchangeably with "acyl."
- Acylate (v): To introduce an acyl group into a compound.
- The goal of the synthesis is to acylate the amine.
- Acylation (n): A chemical process in which an acyl group is introduced into an organic compound.
- Friedel-Crafts acylation is a key method for synthesizing aromatic ketones.
Synonyms
- Acyl radical: An older, less common term with the same meaning.
- Alkanoyl group: A systematic name for an acyl group derived from an alkanoic (saturated carboxylic) acid.
Related Phrases and Concepts
- Acyl halide (n): A compound with the general formula RCOX, where X is a halogen (e.g., chloride, bromide). Also known as acid halides.
- Acetyl chloride is a simple acyl halide.
- Acyl transfer (n): The chemical reaction where an acyl group is moved from one molecule to another.
- The enzyme catalyzes acyl transfer to form the final product.
Noun
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any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group
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an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group
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