allophone
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Noun:
- A phonetic variant of a phoneme: In linguistics, an "allophone" is one of the possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to realize a single phoneme in a particular language. These variants do not change the meaning of a word and are often conditioned by their phonetic environment.
Usage and Examples
- Noun:
- The sounds [p] and [pʰ] (as in 'spin' and 'pin') are allophones of the phoneme /p/ in English.
- In some languages, the light [l] and dark [ɫ] are allophonic variants.
Advanced Usage
- Complementary Distribution: Allophones often appear in complementary distribution, meaning each variant occurs in a specific, predictable phonetic context where the others do not.
- The aspirated [tʰ] and unaspirated [t] allophones of /t/ in English are in complementary distribution.
- Free Variation: In some cases, allophones can appear in free variation, where either sound can be used in the same position without changing meaning.
- The final /t/ in 'cat' may be released [t] or unreleased [t̚], showing free variation for some speakers.
Variants and Related Words
- Allophonic (adj): Relating to or being an allophone.
- The allophonic variation is predictable from the phonological rules.
- Phoneme (n): The abstract, meaning-distinguishing sound unit in a language for which allophones are the concrete realizations.
- Phone (n): Any distinct speech sound, regardless of its phonemic status.
Synonyms
- Phonetic variant: A more general term for a contextually determined pronunciation of a sound segment.
- Contextual variant: Emphasizes that the sound's form depends on its surrounding sounds.
Notes on Meaning
- The concept of an "allophone" is central to phonology, the subfield of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It highlights the difference between the abstract mental representation of a sound (the phoneme) and its physical manifestation in speech.
Noun
- (linguistics) any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme