although
Definition
- Conjunction:
- In spite of the fact that: "although" introduces a subordinate clause that contrasts with or limits the main clause, indicating a concession or unexpected result.
- Even though: It is used to express that something is true or happens despite a potentially opposing circumstance.
Usage Examples
- (In spite of the rain, we chose to walk.)
- (She succeeded despite limited preparation.)
- (Even with his youth, he shows maturity.)
Advanced Usage
"although" vs. "though": "Although" is more formal and typically begins a clause, while "though" can be used more flexibly, including at the end of a sentence.
- Although the project was difficult, we finished it on time. (Formal, concessive clause.)
- The project was difficult; we finished it on time, though. (Informal, afterthought.)
"although" in concessive clauses: It often pairs with a contrasting main clause to highlight an unexpected outcome.
- Although she was tired, she continued working. (Tiredness did not stop her.)
Variants and Related Words
Though (conjunction/adverb): a less formal synonym, often interchangeable but can appear mid-sentence or at the end.
- He is kind, though strict. (Contrasting qualities.)
Even though (conjunction): a more emphatic form of "although."
- Even though it was cold, they went swimming. (Stronger contrast.)
Synonyms
Despite the fact that: a more formal, multi-word equivalent.
- Despite the fact that she was ill, she attended the meeting. (Similar concessive meaning.)
Notwithstanding: a very formal synonym, often used in legal or academic writing.
- Notwithstanding the challenges, the team succeeded. (In spite of challenges.)
Related Idioms
- "although" is not typically used in idioms; it functions primarily as a logical connector in sentences. However, it can appear in fixed expressions like:
- Although all is said and done... (Even considering everything.)
Phrasal Verbs
- No phrasal verbs are formed with "although", as it is a conjunction and not a verb.