amphidiploid

Thân thiện

An amphidiploid plant grows in a laboratory petri dish.

Definition

Noun (Genetics): An organism or cell that contains two complete diploid sets of chromosomes, one derived from each parent species. This condition typically arises from the hybridization of two different species, followed by chromosome doubling, resulting in a fertile hybrid.

Usage and Examples

• An amphidiploid is often fertile because its chromosomes can pair properly during meiosis, unlike its sterile hybrid parent.
• Scientists created an amphidiploid by crossing two wild wheat species and treating the hybrid to double its chromosome number.
• The study focused on the amphidiploid's ability to combine traits from both parental genomes.

Advanced Usage

• Amphidiploidy (noun): The condition or process of being or becoming an amphidiploid. "Amphidiploidy is a key mechanism in the evolution of some crop plants like wheat."
• Amphidiploid can function attributively (like an adjective) before another noun. "The researchers analyzed the amphidiploid plant's growth characteristics."

Variants and Related Words

• Allopolyploid (noun): A broader genetic term for an organism with multiple chromosome sets derived from different species. An amphidiploid is a specific type of allopolyploid where the hybrid is exactly double the haploid number from each parent.
• Diploid (noun/adjective): A cell or organism having two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
• Hybrid (noun): The offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, species, or genera.

Synonyms

• Allotetraploid (This is often synonymous, specifically denoting an amphidiploid with four sets of chromosomes (tetraploid) from two species.)
• Interspecific hybrid (A more general term for a hybrid between two species.)

Notes on Meaning

The core meaning of amphidiploid is specific to genetics and evolutionary biology. It refers not just to any hybrid, but specifically to a fertile hybrid whose chromosome number is the sum of the diploid numbers of its two parent species. This distinguishes it from sterile hybrids or polyploids from a single species (autopolyploids).

Học thuật

Noun

1. (genetics) an organism or cell having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent