antonius

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Definition

Proper noun A historical figure: Marcus Antonius (c. 83–30 BC), a Roman politician and general. He was a supporter and relative of Julius Caesar, a member of the Second Triumvirate, and famously had a political and romantic alliance with Cleopatra VII of Egypt. He was ultimately defeated by Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus).

Usage

This word is used almost exclusively as a proper name referring to the historical person. It is a formal or historical term. * In historical texts and discussions: The power struggle between Octavian and Antonius shaped the end of the Roman Republic. * In literature and drama, most famously in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra.

Examples
  • Antonius was a key figure in the wars following Caesar's assassination.
  • The alliance between Antonius and Cleopatra was a major threat to Octavian's power in Rome.
  • After their defeat at the Battle of Actium, Antonius and Cleopatra died in Alexandria.
Advanced Usage / Notes
  • The name is more commonly known in its anglicized form, Mark Antony or simply Antony. "Antonius" is the original Latin form.
  • In historical analysis, "Antonius" may be used to emphasize the Roman context of his life and career before his involvement with Egypt.
Variants and Related Words
  • Mark Antony (n): The common English form of the name.
  • Antonian (adj): Pertaining to Marcus Antonius or his supporters.
  • Triumvir (n): A member of a triumvirate (ruling group of three). Antonius was a triumvir.
Synonyms
  • Mark Antony
  • Marcus Antonius
Related Phrases / Idioms
  • Antony and Cleopatra: This pairing is itself an idiom, representing a famous and tragic romantic and political alliance.
    • Their relationship was compared to that of Antony and Cleopatra.
Noun
  1. Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)

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