calamitous

/kə'læmitəs/

Thân thiện

The stock market crashed on Black Friday, a calamitous defeat.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Causing or involving calamity; disastrous: Describes something that causes great and often sudden damage or distress; having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences.
   • Characterized by or resulting in ruin: Pertaining to events or situations that bring about complete downfall, destruction, or severe misfortune.

Usage and Examples

• As an adjective modifying a noun:
  • The earthquake had a calamitous impact on the region's infrastructure.
  • Historians often describe the invasion as a calamitous miscalculation by the empire.
  • The company never recovered from the calamitous financial losses.

Advanced Usage and Nuances

• "Calamitous" vs. "Disastrous": While often used interchangeably, "calamitous" can sometimes imply a more profound, widespread, or tragic scale of misfortune, often with a sense of an overwhelming, singular event. "Disastrous" is more general and frequent.
  • The policy had disastrous results for the economy. (General bad outcome)
  • The calamitous tsunami wiped out entire coastal communities. (Emphasizes profound tragedy and scale)
• Used in formal or literary contexts: The word is more common in written English, journalism, history, and formal analysis than in everyday conversation.

Variants and Related Words

• Calamity (noun): An event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.
  • The flood was a national calamity.
• Calamitously (adverb): In a calamitous manner.
  • The project failed calamitously.

Synonyms

• Disastrous: Causing great damage.
• Catastrophic: Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
• Ruinous: Disastrous or destructive.
• Fatal: Causing death or leading to failure or disaster.
• Dire: Extremely serious or urgent, often with terrible consequences.

Antonyms

• Fortunate: Having good luck.
• Auspicious: Conducive to success; favorable.
• Beneficial: Resulting in good; favorable or advantageous.

Idiomatic and Figurative Use

• While "calamitous" itself is not typically part of fixed idioms, it is used figuratively to describe non-physical disasters.
  • His calamitous speech ended his political career. (Figurative ruin)
  • The team's calamitous error in the final minute cost them the championship.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin
   • the stock market crashed on Black Friday
   • a calamitous defeat
   • the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign
   • such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory- Charles Darwin
   • it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it- Douglas MacArthur
   • a fateful error

Từ đồng nghĩa

• black
• disastrous
• fatal
• fateful