derivational

Thân thiện

A student learns about derivational suffixes in English class.

Definition

Adjective: 1. Relating to or involving derivation: Pertaining to the process of forming a new word from an existing word, typically by adding an affix (like a prefix or suffix) or through other morphological processes. This process changes the word's grammatical category (part of speech) or its core meaning. 2. Characterized by inflections indicating a semantic relation: Describing a morphological relationship where the form of a word is altered to create a new word that has a specific, meaningful connection to the original base word.

Examples of Usage

• The relationship between 'teach' (verb) and 'teacher' (noun) is a derivational one, formed by adding the suffix '-er'.
• Linguists study derivational morphology to understand how words like 'happy', 'unhappy', and 'happiness' are related.
• The suffix '-ness' is a derivational morpheme that typically forms abstract nouns from adjectives (e.g., kindness, darkness).

Advanced Usage

• Derivational vs. Inflectional: In morphology, derivational processes are distinct from inflectional ones. Derivational processes create new lexemes (new dictionary entries, like 'govern' -> 'government'), while inflectional processes create different forms of the same lexeme (like 'walk' -> 'walks', 'walked', 'walking').
  • Example: Adding '-s' to 'cat' to make 'cats' is inflectional (plural). Adding '-ful' to 'wonder' to make 'wonderful' is derivational (adjective from noun).

Variants and Related Words

• Derivation (noun): The process or result of deriving a word.
  • Example: The derivation of 'national' from 'nation' is clear.
• Derive (verb): To obtain or originate something from a source.
  • Example: The English word 'chef' is derived from French.
• Derivative (adjective/noun): Something that originates from another source; a word formed from another word.
  • Example: 'Happiness' is a derivative of 'happy'.

Synonyms

• Morphological (in the specific context of word formation)
• Word-forming

Antonyms

• Inflectional (in linguistic morphology)
• Non-derivational

Học thuật

Adjective

1. characterized by inflections indicating a semantic relation between a word and its base
   • the morphological relation between `sing' and `singer' and `song' is derivational