dissociation constant

Thân thiện

A scientist writes the dissociation constant Kd on a whiteboard.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A specific type of equilibrium constant: The dissociation constant is a numerical value that quantifies the extent to which a compound separates (dissociates) into its constituent parts, such as ions or molecules, in a solution at equilibrium.
   • A measure of affinity or strength: It specifically describes the equilibrium between the associated (bound) form of a complex and its dissociated components. A smaller dissociation constant indicates a stronger, tighter association (e.g., a drug binding tightly to a receptor), while a larger constant indicates a weaker association.

Examples of Usage

• Noun:
  • The acid's low dissociation constant indicates it is a weak acid.
  • Researchers measured the dissociation constant for the antibody-antigen complex.
  • Knowing the dissociation constant is crucial for understanding the binding efficiency of the enzyme.

Advanced Usage

• "pK~a~": The negative logarithm (base 10) of the acid dissociation constant (K~a~). It is a more convenient way to express and compare the strengths of acids.
  • Acetic acid has a pK~a~ of approximately 4.76.
• "K~d~": A common symbol for the dissociation constant, especially in biochemistry and pharmacology to describe binding interactions (e.g., ligand-receptor, protein-DNA).
  • The drug candidate showed a promisingly low K~d~ value for its target protein.

Variants and Related Words

• Acid dissociation constant (K~a~): The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid to yield a proton (H⁺) and its conjugate base.
• Base dissociation constant (K~b~): The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a base to yield a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and its conjugate acid.
• Binding constant (K~a~ or K~assoc~): The inverse of the dissociation constant (K~d~); it quantifies the tendency to form a complex.
• Ionization constant: A general term often used synonymously with acid or base dissociation constant.

Synonyms

• K~d~ (in specific contexts, particularly binding affinity).
• Ionization constant (for acids and bases).

Related Phrases

• To determine the dissociation constant: To experimentally find or calculate the value of K~d~ or K~a~.
  • The goal of the experiment was to determine the dissociation constant of the new compound.
• To have a high/low dissociation constant: Describes the strength of an interaction.
  • A high-affinity binder will have a low dissociation constant.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the equilibrium constant for a reversible dissociation