fraulein
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Definition
Noun: 1. A German courtesy title or form of address for an unmarried woman: The word is used similarly to "Miss" in English. It is a term of respect and polite address. 2. A German governess or a young German woman: Historically, the word was also used in English to refer to a German governess employed in a household, or more generally to a young German woman.
Usage Examples
- As a title/form of address:
- "Excuse me, Fraulein, could you help me find this address?"
- The letter was addressed to Fraulein Schmidt.
- Referring to a person:
- The children were taught by a fraulein from Berlin. (Here, it is not capitalized as it refers to the occupation, not used as a direct title before a name).
Advanced Usage
- The word is capitalized (Fraulein) when used as a title directly before a surname, e.g., .
- In modern German, the word "Fräulein" (with an umlaut) is considered outdated and potentially condescending in many contexts. The neutral and polite form of address for a woman is now "Frau" (Ms./Mrs.), regardless of marital status. This historical shift is important for understanding contemporary usage.
Variants and Related Words
- Fräulein: The original German spelling, which includes an umlaut (¨) over the 'a'.
- Frau: The German title for a woman, equivalent to "Ms." or "Mrs.", now the standard polite form of address.
Synonyms
- Miss (the closest English equivalent in traditional use)
- Mademoiselle (the French equivalent, also now largely outdated)
Notes on Usage
- When speaking or writing in English, "fraulein" is sometimes used to evoke a historical or stereotypical German context.
- Due to its outdated status in modern German, using "fraulein" to address a German woman today is likely to be seen as incorrect or impolite. It is primarily encountered in historical texts, films, or literature.
Noun
- a German courtesy title or form of address for an unmarried woman