guanosine
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Noun:
- A nucleoside component of DNA: Guanosine is a fundamental building block of nucleic acids, specifically a nucleoside formed from the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose in DNA. In its more common form as a component of RNA, it is paired with ribose sugar.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- The structure of DNA includes four nucleosides: deoxyadenosine, deoxythymidine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyguanosine.
- Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a crucial molecule for energy transfer in cellular processes.
- Researchers studied the role of guanosine in the genetic code.
Advanced Usage
- "Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)": A nucleotide derivative involved in metabolic pathways and signal transduction.
- GDP is formed when GTP is hydrolyzed during a G-protein cycle.
- "Guanosine monophosphate (GMP)": A nucleotide that serves as a monomer in RNA and as a regulatory molecule.
- GMP can act as a flavor enhancer in some foods.
Variants and Related Words
- Deoxyguanosine (noun): The specific form of guanosine where the sugar component is deoxyribose, as found in DNA.
- The chemical difference between guanosine and deoxyguanosine is the absence of an oxygen atom on the sugar.
- Guanine (noun): The purine base that pairs with cytosine and is a constituent of guanosine.
- Guanine is one of the four main nucleobases found in nucleic acids.
Synonyms
- Deoxyguanosine (when referring specifically to the DNA form).
- G nucleoside (a less common, general biochemical term).
Notes on Meaning
- The reference context specifies guanosine as "composed of guanine and deoxyribose," which technically defines deoxyguanosine, the DNA form. In broader biochemical usage, "guanosine" most commonly refers to the ribonucleoside (guanine + ribose), which is a component of RNA. The DNA form is typically specified with the prefix "deoxy-". This word is primarily used in scientific contexts like biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology.
Noun
- a nucleoside component of DNA; composed of guanine and deoxyribose