homologise
/hɔ'mɔlədʤaiz/ Cách viết khác : (homologize) /hɔ'mɔlədʤaiz/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Verb:
- To make homologous: To cause or establish a correspondence in relative position, structure, or evolutionary origin between different things. In biology, this often means to identify or treat structures as having a common evolutionary ancestry, despite differences in form or function.
- To become or be homologous: To correspond in such a way, often used in a passive or intransitive sense.
Usage
- As a transitive verb (to make something homologous): Scientists homologise anatomical features to trace evolutionary lineages.
- As an intransitive verb (to correspond as homologues): These two bone structures homologise across different species.
Examples
- Transitive use:
- The researcher sought to homologise the wing of a bat with the arm of a human.
- To understand deep relationships, taxonomists must homologise traits from diverse organisms.
- Intransitive use:
- The genetic sequences from the two species homologise perfectly, indicating a common ancestor.
- These developmental pathways homologise despite the organisms' different adult forms.
Advanced Usage
- In evolutionary biology: The primary context is comparative anatomy and genetics, where establishing homology is fundamental to building phylogenetic trees.
- The challenge is to homologise behavioral patterns, not just physical structures.
- In chemistry (less common): Refers to making compounds part of a homologous series (compounds with the same functional group differing by a unit).
- The reaction homologises the carbon chain, adding one methylene group.
Variants and Related Words
- Homologize: The preferred spelling in American English. It has identical meanings and usage patterns to 'homologise'.
- Homologue/Homolog (noun): A thing that is homologous to another.
- Homologous (adjective): Having the same relation, relative position, or structure.
- Homology (noun): The state of being homologous; the correspondence itself.
Synonyms
- Correspond: To have a close similarity, match, or equivalence.
- Equate: To regard or treat as the same or equivalent.
- Analogize: To make an analogy between two things. (Note: This differs as analogy implies similar function but not necessarily common evolutionary origin, unlike homology.)
Antonyms
- Differentiate: To recognize or identify as different; to distinguish.
- Heterologise (rare): To make or become heterologous (of different origin).
Related Phrases/Concepts
- Establish homology: A common phrase meaning the same as 'to homologise'.
- The study aimed to establish homology between the insect and vertebrate eyes.
- Homologise to/with: The typical prepositions used.
- One must carefully homologise the feature to its counterpart in the ancestral species.
- This gene homologises with a gene known to regulate growth in mammals.
Verb
- make homologous