immunoglobulin
Noun A class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates that function as antibodies in the immune response. Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules secreted by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) that recognize and bind to specific foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, to neutralize them or mark them for destruction by other parts of the immune system.
Immunoglobulins are a core component of the adaptive immune system. They are found in blood, tissue fluids, and secretions. The term is used in medical, biological, and immunological contexts. * The doctor ordered a test to measure the levels of immunoglobulin in the patient's blood. * Immunoglobulin therapy involves administering concentrated antibodies to help fight an infection. * The five major classes of immunoglobulin are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE.
- Passive immunity can be provided by the administration of immunoglobulin preparations.
- Monoclonal immunoglobulin refers to identical antibody molecules produced by a single clone of cells, often used in research and therapy.
- The phrase "immunoglobulin gene rearrangement" describes the genetic process that creates the vast diversity of antibodies.
- Antibody (noun): The most common synonym for immunoglobulin, emphasizing its function. All immunoglobulins are antibodies.
- Ig (abbreviation): A common shorthand (e.g., IgG, IgE).
- Gamma globulin (noun): A historical term often used synonymously with immunoglobulin, referring to a fraction of blood serum rich in antibodies.
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (noun): The most abundant class of immunoglobulin in the body.
- Hyperimmunoglobulin (noun): An abnormally high level of immunoglobulins in the blood.
- Antibody
- Immune protein
- Immunoglobulin deficiency: A condition characterized by low levels of antibodies.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): A therapy where immunoglobulins are administered directly into a vein.
- a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response