in vitro

/in'vitrou/
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Definition

  1. Adverb:

    • In an artificial environment outside the living organism; typically referring to biological processes or experiments conducted in a controlled laboratory setting, such as in a test tube or petri dish.

  2. Adjective:

    • Of, relating to, or involving a process or reaction taking place in an artificial environment outside a living organism.
Examples

  • Adverb:

    • The egg was fertilized in vitro. (The fertilization process occurred outside the body in a laboratory dish.)
    • Scientists grew the tissue in vitro for their study. (The tissue was cultured in an artificial laboratory environment.)

  • Adjective:

    • In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common medical procedure. (This describes fertilization that happens outside the body.)
    • They conducted in vitro tests on the new drug compound. (The tests were performed in a controlled laboratory setting, not inside an animal or human.)
Advanced Usage

  • "in vitro diagnostics": Medical tests performed on samples (like blood or tissue) taken from the body and analyzed in a laboratory setting.

    • Rapid in vitro diagnostics are crucial for early disease detection.

  • "in vitro model": A laboratory system used to simulate a biological process or study the effects of substances on cells or tissues outside an organism.

    • Researchers developed a new in vitro model to study liver toxicity.
Variants and Related Words
  • Ex vivo (adj/adv): Refers to experiments or procedures done on or with biological tissue from a living organism in an external environment, with minimal alteration of natural conditions. (Often contrasted with , which can involve isolated cells or components.)
    • The organ was preserved ex vivo for several hours before transplantation.
Synonyms
  • In an artificial environment
  • In a laboratory setting
  • Outside the organism
Related Phrases
  • In vitro vs. in vivo: A fundamental distinction in biological research. means "in glass" (outside a living organism), while means "within the living" (inside a living organism).
    • The compound showed promise in vitro, but its effects in vivo were different.
Related Idioms
  • The term is a precise scientific phrase and is not typically used in idiomatic expressions.
Adjective
  1. in an artificial environment outside the living organism
    • in vitro fertilization
Adverb
  1. in an artificial environment outside the living organism
    • an egg fertilized in vitro

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