intuitionism

/,intju:'iʃnəlizm/ Cách viết khác : (intuitionism) /,intju:'iʃnizm/ (intuitivism) /in'tju:i

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Definition

1. Noun:
   • (Philosophy) A theory in epistemology and ethics: Intuitionism is the philosophical doctrine that certain fundamental truths, particularly in mathematics, logic, or morality, are known directly and immediately by intuition, rather than through conscious reasoning, empirical evidence, or sensory experience. It asserts the primacy of intuitive knowledge.

Usage and Examples

• Noun:
  • In mathematics, intuitionism rejects the notion that mathematical objects exist independently of the mind's constructions.
  • Ethical intuitionism holds that we can apprehend basic moral truths through a kind of intellectual intuition.
  • The philosopher argued for a form of intuitionism, claiming that our grasp of logical principles is intuitive.

Advanced Usage and Context

• Mathematical Intuitionism: A specific school of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, founded by L.E.J. Brouwer, which contends that mathematics is a creation of the human mind and that a mathematical object exists only if it can be mentally constructed.
  • Mathematical intuitionism has significant implications for the acceptance of certain proof techniques, like proof by contradiction.
• Moral Intuitionism: In meta-ethics, the view that basic moral propositions are self-evident truths known through a faculty of moral intuition.
  • His defense of moral intuitionism was based on the apparent immediacy of our judgment that causing unnecessary suffering is wrong.

Variants and Related Words

• Intuitionist (noun): A proponent or adherent of intuitionism.
  • Brouwer was a leading intuitionist in mathematics.
• Intuitionistic (adjective): Pertaining to or characteristic of intuitionism.
  • Intuitionistic logic differs from classical logic in its treatment of negation.
• Intuitivism (noun): A less common synonym for intuitionism, particularly in certain philosophical contexts.

Synonyms

• Immediatism (in specific philosophical contexts, emphasizing direct, non-inferential knowledge).
• Non-empiricism (in the context of knowledge not derived from sense experience).

Related Concepts and Contrasts

• Empiricism: The contrasting doctrine that knowledge originates primarily from sensory experience.
• Rationalism: The doctrine that reason, rather than experience or intuition, is the primary source of knowledge.
• Constructivism (in mathematics): A related view emphasizing mental construction, often associated with intuitionism.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition