ionization

/,aiənai'zeiʃn/

Thân thiện

A scientist demonstrates ionization using a high-voltage apparatus.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • The process of ionizing: The action or process of converting an atom, molecule, or substance into an ion or ions by adding or removing electrons.
   • The condition of being ionized: The state of having been dissociated into ions, typically as a result of exposure to heat, radiation, chemical reaction, or electrical discharge.

Usage and Examples

• General Process:
  • Ionization of gases is common in plasma physics.
  • The ionization energy required to remove an electron varies between elements.
• Resulting State:
  • The ionization of the solution was measured using a conductivity meter.
  • High levels of radiation can cause the ionization of air molecules.

Advanced Usage

• "Degree of ionization": The fraction of atoms or molecules in a substance that have been ionized.
  • The degree of ionization in the plasma was very high.
• "Ionization potential": The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule in its gaseous state.
  • Helium has a very high first ionization potential.

Variants and Related Words

• Ionize (verb): To convert or be converted into an ion or ions.
  • Ultraviolet light can ionize air molecules.
• Ion (noun): An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
  • Sodium and chloride ions combine to form salt.
• Ionized (adjective): Having been converted into ions.
  • The ionized gas formed a visible plasma.

Synonyms

• Dissociation: The splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions.
• Electrolytic dissociation: The separation of a substance into ions in a solution.

Related Scientific Contexts

• Ionization chamber: A device for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation.
  • The radiation level was checked with an ionization chamber.
• Photoionization: Ionization caused by interaction with electromagnetic radiation (photons).
  • Photoionization is a key process in the upper atmosphere.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas
2. the condition of being dissociated into ions (as by heat or radiation or chemical reaction or electrical discharge)
   • the ionization of a gas

Từ đồng nghĩa

• ionisation