isoantibody
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun An antibody that is naturally produced within an individual of a species and reacts against antigens from another individual of the same species. These antibodies are directed against antigens that are not present in the individual producing them.
Usage
The term is used primarily in immunology and medicine to describe antibodies involved in immune reactions between genetically different individuals of the same species, such as in blood transfusions or organ transplants. * Before the organ transplant, the patient's serum was tested for the presence of isoantibodies against the donor's tissue. * The immune reaction was caused by an isoantibody targeting the foreign red blood cells.
Advanced Usage
- Clinical Context: Isoantibodies are critical in typing blood for safe transfusions (e.g., anti-A and anti-B antibodies are isoantibodies) and in assessing transplant compatibility.
- Synonymous with Alloantibody: In modern immunological terminology, "isoantibody" is largely synonymous with "alloantibody." Both refer to antibodies against alloantigens (variant antigens within a species).
Variants and Related Words
- Alloantibody (n.): The more contemporary term for isoantibody.
- Isoantigen (n.): The foreign antigen from a genetically different member of the same species that stimulates the production of an isoantibody. Also called an alloantigen.
- Autoantibody (n.): An antibody produced against the body's own tissues, which is distinct from an isoantibody.
Synonyms
- Alloantibody
Antonyms
- Autoantibody (an antibody directed against the body's own antigens)
Noun
- an antibody that occurs naturally against foreign tissues from a person of the same species