landsteiner
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Definition
Proper noun * Karl Landsteiner: An Austrian-born American pathologist and immunologist, renowned for his discovery of the major human blood groups (the ABO blood group system) in 1901, a foundational breakthrough for safe blood transfusion and modern medicine. He later contributed to the discovery of the Rhesus (Rh) factor.
Usage
- As a subject: received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for his discovery of human blood groups.
- In possessive form: work made blood transfusions a routine and safe medical procedure.
- In apposition: The scientist also identified the polio virus.
Advanced Usage
- Historical/Scientific Context: The name is used metonymically to refer to his discoveries or the principles he established.
- Example: "The laboratory procedure follows the principles of Landsteiner."
Variants and Related Words
- Landsteiner's law: A principle in immunology stating that, for the ABO system, if a blood group antigen is absent from red blood cells, the corresponding antibody is present in the serum.
- Landsteiner-Wiener blood group system (LW): A blood group system related to the Rh factor, named for Landsteiner and his colleague Alexander Wiener.
Synonyms
- Karl Landsteiner
- The discoverer of blood groups (descriptive synonym)
Related Terms and Phrases
- ABO blood group system: The system of blood typing discovered by Landsteiner.
- Rh factor: A blood antigen system whose discovery he later contributed to.
- Blood transfusion: The medical procedure his discovery made safe.
- Serology: The study of blood serum, a field to which he made seminal contributions.
Noun
- United States pathologist (born in Austria) who discovered human blood groups (1868-1943)