Definition

1. Noun (Architecture):
   • Abaque / Abacus: In classical architecture, the flat, square slab at the top of a column's capital, which supports the architrave or other structural elements above it. It is the uppermost part of the capital.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Phần mâm đỉnh cột của cột Doric thường rất đơn giản và dày. (The abacus of a Doric column is typically very simple and thick.)
  • Kiến trúc sư chú ý đến hoa văn chạm khắc trên mâm đỉnh cột. (The architect paid attention to the carved patterns on the abacus.)

Advanced Usage

• The design of the (abacus) varies significantly between the classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), helping to identify the architectural style.

Variants and Related Words

• Đầu cột / Capital (n): The entire topmost decorative element of a column or pillar, which includes the (abacus) as its crowning part.
• Thân cột / Shaft (n): The long, vertical main body of a column.
• Đế cột / Base (n): The bottom supporting element of a column.

Synonyms

• Abacus: The direct and most precise English equivalent in architectural terminology.

Related Terms

• Classical Order: A style of classical architecture defined by specific proportions and details, including the design of the capital and its (abacus).
• Architrave: The horizontal beam or lintel that rests directly upon the (abacus) and capitals of columns.