nhóm chức
Definition
- Noun (Chemistry):
- Functional group: A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. It determines the primary chemical properties and reactivity of an organic compound.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Nhóm chức hydroxyl (-OH) có trong rượu. (The hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is found in alcohols.)
- Tính chất hóa học của axit hữu cơ chủ yếu do nhóm chức carboxyl quyết định. (The chemical properties of an organic acid are primarily determined by the carboxyl functional group.)
Advanced Usage
- The term is used almost exclusively in scientific and educational contexts, particularly in organic chemistry, to classify and predict the behavior of compounds.
Variants and Related Words
- Nhóm chức năng: This is a less common, full-form synonym with the same meaning ().
- Gốc tự do (n): free radical (a related but distinct chemical species).
- Đồng đẳng (n): homologous series (a series of compounds with the same functional group).
Synonyms
- Functional group (primary and direct synonym).
- Characteristic group (a less common English synonym in chemistry).
Related Terms & Concepts
- Phản ứng đặc trưng: characteristic reaction (the type of reaction a functional group typically undergoes).
- Hợp chất hữu cơ: organic compound (the broad class of compounds containing functional groups).