non-U
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
- Adjective:
- Not characteristic of the upper classes, especially in language use: Describes language, behavior, or manners considered to be outside the conventions or standards of the upper social class. The term explicitly contrasts with "U" (upper-class) usage.
Usage Notes
- The term "non-U" is a sociolinguistic label. It is used to categorize vocabulary, pronunciation, or social behaviors that are perceived as middle-class or not belonging to the traditional upper class.
- It is often used in discussions about British English and social stratification. The term itself is neutral and descriptive within this context, though the concepts it describes can carry social judgment.
Examples
- Adjective:
- Using the word "serviette" instead of "napkin" was considered decidedly non-u in her social circle.
- His pronunciation of certain words marked him as non-u to the old aristocracy.
Advanced Usage
- The concept originates from and is primarily used in analysis of British English and class distinctions, often referencing the work of linguist Alan S. C. Ross and its popularization by Nancy Mitford.
- It can be used attributively (before a noun) or predicatively (after a linking verb like 'is' or 'was').
Variants and Related Words
- U (adjective): Characteristic of the upper classes, especially in language use. (e.g., )
- Non-U speaker (noun phrase): A person who uses language considered non-U.
Synonyms
- Middle-class (in the specific context of speech/manners)
- Unrefined (carries a negative judgment)
- Common (archaic and pejorative in this sense)
Antonyms
- U
- Upper-class
- Aristocratic
- Refined (in the context of manners/speech)
Related Idioms/Phrases
- While not an idiom itself, "non-U" is a key term in the sociolinguistic discussion often referred to as "U and non-U".
- The debate over U and non-U vocabulary reveals much about British social history.
Adjective
- not characteristic of the upper classes especially in language use