nonmonotonic

Thân thiện

The graph shows a nonmonotonic relationship between the variables.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Not monotonic: Describes a function, relationship, or sequence that does not consistently increase or consistently decrease. Its direction or trend can change.

Usage

The term nonmonotonic is primarily used in formal, technical contexts such as mathematics, logic, and computer science. It describes a pattern of change that is not uniform or unidirectional.

Examples

• Adjective:
  • The data showed a nonmonotonic relationship between dosage and effect. (The effect did not simply get stronger or weaker as the dose increased; it might have increased then decreased.)
  • In artificial intelligence, nonmonotonic reasoning allows conclusions to be withdrawn when new information is added. (The reasoning process does not only move in one direction of adding facts; it can revise previous conclusions.)
  • The child's growth rate was nonmonotonic, with periods of rapid growth followed by plateaus. (The growth did not happen at a steady, constant rate.)

Advanced Usage

• Nonmonotonic Logic: A formal system of reasoning where adding a new premise (piece of information) can invalidate a previously derived conclusion. This contrasts with classical (monotonic) logic, where conclusions, once made, remain true even with new information.
  • Default reasoning often requires nonmonotonic logic to handle everyday exceptions.
• Nonmonotonic Function: In mathematics, a function whose slope (derivative) changes sign, meaning it has both increasing and decreasing intervals.
  • The parabola y = x² is a nonmonotonic function because it decreases for x < 0 and increases for x > 0.

Variants and Related Words

• Nonmonotonicity (n): The property or state of being nonmonotonic.
  • The nonmonotonicity of the curve makes it difficult to model with a simple equation.
• Monotonic (adj): The direct opposite, meaning consistently increasing or consistently decreasing.

Synonyms

• Non-linear: Not arranged in a straight line or not following a direct, proportional relationship. (Note: While often overlapping, "non-linear" is broader, and "nonmonotonic" is a specific type of non-linearity.)
• Variable: Tending to change or fluctuate; not constant.
• Irregular: Not following a consistent or predictable pattern.

Antonyms

• Monotonic: Unchanging in tone or consistently increasing/decreasing.
• Monotone: A single, unvarying tone or style; lacking in variation.
• Consistent: Acting or done in the same way over time.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. not monotonic