pavlovian

/pæv'louvjən/

Thân thiện

A scientist conducts a Pavlovian experiment with a dog and a bell.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Relating to the theories or experiments of Ivan Pavlov: Describes concepts, especially in psychology and physiology, derived from the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849–1936).
   • Characteristic of classical conditioning: Pertaining to or involving a conditioned reflex or response, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to elicit a similar reaction.

Usage

• The term is primarily used in academic, scientific, and psychological contexts to describe learned, automatic, or instinctive reactions.
• It is often used metaphorically in everyday language to describe a predictable, automatic response to a specific trigger.

Examples

• Scientific Context:
  • The experiment demonstrated a clear Pavlovian response in the subjects.
  • Researchers studied Pavlovian conditioning in animals.
• Metaphorical/General Context:
  • My Pavlovian reaction to my morning alarm is to hit the snooze button.
  • The sound of the notification bell triggers a Pavlovian urge to check my phone.

Advanced Usage

• "Pavlovian conditioning": Also known as classical conditioning. A learning process where a biologically potent stimulus (e.g., food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g., a bell). Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit a conditioned response (e.g., salivation).
  • The study of Pavlovian conditioning is fundamental to behavioral psychology.
• "Pavlovian response": A reaction that occurs automatically and predictably in response to a specific cue, due to prior association or conditioning.
  • The politician's smile was a Pavlovian response to the sound of applause.

Variants and Related Words

• Pavlov (n): The surname of the physiologist Ivan Pavlov.
• Conditioning (n): The process of learning or training, especially to react in a specific way to a stimulus. is a specific type.
• Conditioned Reflex (n): A learned reflex action elicited by a stimulus that was originally neutral. This is a core concept in Pavlovian theory.
• Unconditioned Stimulus/Response (n): In Pavlovian theory, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response, and the unlearned response it provokes.

Synonyms

• Conditioned: Learned or trained to respond in a particular way.
• Automatic: Done spontaneously without conscious thought.
• Involuntary: Done without conscious control.
• Reflexive: Performed as a reflex, without conscious thought.

Related Phrases

• Pavlov's dog(s): A common cultural reference to the subjects of Pavlov's experiments, used to describe someone who reacts predictably to a signal.
  • I felt like one of Pavlov's dogs reaching for a snack every time the commercial came on.

Idioms and Metaphorical Use

• While not a traditional idiom, the term "Pavlovian" is itself widely used idiomatically to imply an automatic, trained, or predictable reaction in humans, often in a humorous or critical way.
  • He has a Pavlovian need to argue whenever he hears that political topic mentioned.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of or relating to Ivan Pavlov or his experiments
   • Pavlovian conditioning

Từ đồng nghĩa

• pavlovian