plasticizer
/'plæstisaizə/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Noun: A chemical substance added to a material, especially a synthetic polymer like plastic or a coating like paint, to increase its flexibility, workability, or distensibility. It works by reducing the intermolecular forces between polymer chains, allowing them to slide past each other more easily.
Usage
A "plasticizer" is a specific type of additive used in manufacturing and materials science. It is typically discussed in technical, industrial, or chemical contexts. - It is a countable noun (e.g., a plasticizer, several plasticizers). - It is often followed by "for" to specify the material it modifies (e.g., a plasticizer for PVC).
Examples
- The new formula includes a plasticizer to prevent the vinyl upholstery from cracking in cold weather.
- Phthalates are common plasticizers used in many consumer products.
- Researchers are developing a non-toxic plasticizer for children's toys.
- Adding a plasticizer made the resin much easier to mold and shape.
Advanced Usage
- Primary vs. Secondary Plasticizer: A is fully compatible with the polymer and can be used alone, while a is used alongside a primary one to enhance properties or reduce cost.
- Plasticizer Migration: This refers to the undesirable process where the plasticizer leaches out of the material over time, which can cause the material to become brittle and may pose environmental or health risks.
Variants and Related Words
- Plasticize (verb): To make a material plastic or flexible, typically by adding a plasticizer.
- The process plasticizes the polymer, giving it rubber-like properties.
- Plasticization (noun): The process or result of making something plastic.
- Plastic (noun/adjective): While related, this is the base material that often requires a plasticizer. Do not confuse the additive (plasticizer) with the material itself (plastic).
Synonyms
- Softener: A more general term for a substance that makes something soft.
- Flexibilizer: A technical synonym emphasizing the increase in flexibility.
- Modifier: A broader term for any additive that changes a material's properties.
Antonyms
- Stiffener: A substance added to increase rigidity.
- Hardener: A substance added to cause hardening or setting.
Related Phrases and Compounds
- Plasticizer content: The amount or percentage of plasticizer in a material mixture.
- Plasticizer efficiency: A measure of how effectively a given amount of plasticizer softens the polymer.
- Low-migration plasticizer: A type designed to resist leaching out of the material.
Noun
- a substance added to plastics or other materials to make them more pliable