Definition

Noun: A positive reinforcing stimulus is a type of reinforcing stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the probability or likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. It is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, specifically within operant conditioning.

Usage

This term is used primarily in academic, psychological, and scientific contexts to describe a consequence that strengthens a behavior. It is a precise, technical term.

Examples

• In a laboratory experiment, a food pellet delivered to a rat after it presses a lever is a positive reinforcing stimulus for the lever-pressing behavior.
• For a student, receiving praise from a teacher after answering a question correctly can act as a positive reinforcing stimulus, making the student more likely to participate again.
• The researcher identified the specific positive reinforcing stimulus that was maintaining the subject's repetitive action.

Advanced Usage

• The term is often contrasted with a (or negative reinforcer), which strengthens a behavior by removing an aversive condition.
• It is crucial to distinguish between a positive reinforcing stimulus (the consequence itself, like food or money) and (the process of using that stimulus to increase behavior).

Variants and Related Words

• Positive Reinforcer: A more common synonym used interchangeably with "positive reinforcing stimulus."
• Reinforcer / Reinforcing Stimulus: The broader category that includes both positive and negative types.
• Positive Reinforcement: The process or procedure of applying a positive reinforcing stimulus to increase behavior.

Synonyms

• Reward (in common, non-technical language)
• Positive reinforcer

Notes on Meaning

The "positive" in positive reinforcing stimulus refers to the addition or presentation of a stimulus (e.g., giving food, money, praise). It does not inherently mean the stimulus is "good" or "pleasant," although it often is. The key defining feature is that its presentation increases the preceding behavior.

Noun

1. a reinforcing stimulus that serves to increase the likelihood of the response that produces it