presume

/pri'zju:m/
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Thân thiện
presume

A detective presumes the suspect's guilt based on the evidence.

Definition
  1. Verb:
    • To suppose something to be true without direct proof; to assume: To accept something as likely or true based on reasonable grounds, even if not certain.
    • To act with unjustified boldness or overconfidence; to take liberties: To behave in a way that is too forward or that exceeds acceptable bounds of politeness or authority.
    • (Formal) To constitute reasonable evidence for something; to imply: To be a basis for a reasonable assumption.
Examples of Usage
  • To suppose/assume:
    • I presume you are here for the interview. (I assume that is your reason for being here.)
    • The law presumes innocence until guilt is proven. (The law accepts innocence as the starting point.)
  • To act with overconfidence/take liberties:
    • He presumed to give orders in his boss's absence. (He took the liberty of giving orders without the proper authority.)
    • I wouldn't presume to tell an expert how to do their job. (I would not be so bold as to instruct an expert.)
  • To constitute evidence/imply:
    • A signed contract presumes an agreement between the parties. (A signed contract is reasonable evidence of an agreement.)
Advanced Usage
  • "to presume upon/on something": to take unfair advantage of something, such as someone's kindness or a relationship.
    • He presumed on our friendship to ask for a large loan. (He unfairly exploited our friendship to make a big request.)
  • "to be presumed dead": (legal/formal) to be officially considered dead after a disappearance under circumstances that make survival seem impossible.
    • After seven years missing, he was presumed dead by the court.
Variants and Related Words
  • Presumption (n): 1. An act or instance of presuming. 2. An assumption. 3. Unjustified boldness or audacity.
    • It was sheer presumption to speak for the entire group.
  • Presumptive (adj): Based on a reasonable presumption; giving grounds for belief.
    • He is the presumptive heir to the throne.
  • Presumptuous (adj): Overstepping due bounds; taking liberties; overly confident or bold.
    • It would be presumptuous of me to answer for her.
Synonyms
  • Assume: To take for granted or without proof.
  • Suppose: To think something is likely or true.
  • Take for granted: To accept without question or appreciation.
  • Dare: To have the courage or impudence to do something (closer to the "boldness" sense).
Related Phrasal Verbs
  • Presume on/upon: (As detailed in Advanced Usage) To exploit or take unwarranted advantage of a situation or someone's goodwill.
    • She should not presume upon her family's patience forever.
Related Idioms
  • "Presume too much": To be overly confident in one's assumptions or to take excessive liberties.
    • You presume too much if you think I will agree without reading the details.
  • "A presumption of innocence": (Legal principle) The fundamental legal concept that one is considered innocent until proven guilty.
    • The trial must uphold the presumption of innocence.
presume

A detective presumes the suspect's guilt based on the evidence.

Verb
  1. take liberties or act with too much confidence
  2. constitute reasonable evidence for
    • A restaurant bill presumes the consumption of food
  3. take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission
    • How dare you call my lawyer?
  4. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof
    • I assume his train was late

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