profaned

Thân thiện

The vandals profaned the ancient monument with graffiti.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Treated irreverently or sacrilegiously: Describes something that was once considered sacred, holy, or deeply respected but has been violated, disrespected, or treated in a common or unholy manner.

Usage

• The word profaned is used to describe the state of something it has been desecrated. It is the past participle form of the verb "profane," often functioning as an adjective. It implies a loss of sanctity or purity due to an act of disrespect.
• It is typically applied to physical objects (like temples, graves, or religious texts), places, or abstract concepts (like a vow or tradition).

Examples

• Adjective:
  • The invaders looted the profaned cathedral. (The cathedral was treated with sacrilege.)
  • They were shocked to see the profaned altar. (The altar had been irreverently violated.)
  • The ancient ritual felt profaned by its commercial use in the advertisement. (The ritual's sacredness was disrespected.)

Advanced Usage

• "Profaned" as a past participle in passive constructions: Often used with auxiliary verbs like "was," "had been," or "felt."
  • The shrine had been profaned by vandals.
• Used in a more figurative or secular sense to describe something profoundly disrespected.
  • The memory of their founder was profaned by the scandal.

Variants and Related Words

• Profane (verb): To treat (something sacred) with irreverence or disrespect.
  • They warned him not to profane the holy site.
• Profane (adjective): Not relating to that which is sacred or religious; secular. Also, showing disrespect for sacred things.
  • He used profane language. (Showing disrespect.)
  • Both sacred and profane music were studied. (Secular, non-religious.)
• Profanation (noun): The act of profaning; desecration.
  • The profanation of the cemetery caused widespread anger.

Synonyms

• Desecrated: Treated with violent disrespect, especially towards something sacred.
• Defiled: Made unclean or impure, especially in a ritual or moral sense.
• Violated: Treated with disrespect, breaking rules or boundaries.
• Debased: Reduced in quality or value; degraded.

Antonyms

• Consecrated: Made or declared sacred.
• Sanctified: Set apart as or declared holy.
• Hallowed: Made holy; honored as sacred.
• Revered: Regarded with deep respect and awe.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

Từ đồng nghĩa

• violated