retaliation

/ri,tæli'eiʃn/

Thân thiện

He feared retaliation if he reported the theft.

Definition

Noun 1. The act of responding to an injury or offense with a harmful or aggressive action: Retaliation refers to action taken to hurt, punish, or get even with someone because of a harmful or offensive act they committed first. It implies a direct, often punitive, response.

Usage

"Retaliation" is used to describe a deliberate, reactive action. It is often discussed in contexts of conflict, law, international relations, and workplace disputes. The word carries a formal tone and suggests a calculated response rather than an immediate, emotional reaction. - It is typically followed by prepositions like for, against, or in retaliation for. - It is often modified by adjectives describing its nature (e.g., swift, severe, military, economic).

Examples

• The country threatened retaliation the terrorist attack.
• Firing the employee was an act of illegal retaliation her for filing a complaint.
• He feared retaliation from the gang if he testified in court.
• The new tariffs were imposed retaliation the unfair trade practices.

Advanced Usage

• Preemptive retaliation: A controversial concept where action is taken to prevent an expected attack, effectively retaliating in advance.
• Cycle/Vicious cycle of retaliation: A situation where one act of retaliation leads to another, creating an ongoing conflict.
  • The feud was characterized by a relentless cycle of retaliation.

Variants and Related Words

• Retaliate (verb): To take retaliatory action.
  • The company vowed to retaliate against the cyberattack.
• Retaliatory (adjective): Having the nature of or intended for retaliation.
  • The government announced retaliatory sanctions.

Synonyms

• Revenge: A more personal, emotional desire for payback.
• Reprisal: Often used in military or official contexts for an act of retaliation.
• Retribution: Emphasizes deserved punishment, often with a moral or legal connotation.
• Vengeance: Intense, often violent revenge driven by passion.

Related Phrases

• In retaliation for: As a response to (a specific action).
  • The strike was called in retaliation for the broken contract.
• Fear of retaliation: A common reason why individuals may not report wrongdoing.
• Retaliation claim: A legal claim, often in employment law, where an employee alleges they were punished for a protected action (like whistleblowing).

Học thuật

Noun

1. action taken in return for an injury or offense

Từ đồng nghĩa

• revenge