Definition

1. Verb:
   • To wear away or remove a surface layer through friction: The action of applying repeated pressure or friction to something, causing its outer layer to gradually be removed or transferred.
   • To be transferred or imparted through close contact or association: The figurative meaning where a quality, habit, or characteristic is transferred from one person or thing to another through persistent association.

Usage and Examples

• Literal Meaning (to wear away):
  • The gold plating on the old ring has started to rub off. (The thin layer of gold is being removed through friction.)
  • Be careful not to rub off the chalk writing on the blackboard. (Do not erase the writing by applying friction.)
• Figurative Meaning (to be transferred):
  • Her positive attitude began to rub off on the rest of the team. (Her attitude started to influence and be adopted by her teammates.)
  • I hope some of his work ethic will rub off on me. (I hope to acquire his work ethic through association.)

Advanced Usage

• "rub off on (someone)": This is the most common phrasal construction, specifically used for the figurative transfer of qualities.
  • His love for classical music finally rubbed off on his children. (His children eventually developed an appreciation for classical music because of him.)
• Passive Voice: Often used to describe the state of something being worn away.
  • The paint on the bench had rubbed off, exposing the wood beneath. (The paint was removed, revealing the wood.)

Variants and Related Words

• Rub (verb): To move one's hand or an object back and forth against a surface. This is the base verb.
  • He rubbed his eyes tiredly.
• Abrasion (noun): The process of wearing something away through friction.
  • The abrasion on the car's paint was caused by the branches.
• Erase (verb): To remove writing or marks, often by rubbing. A synonym in specific contexts.
  • She erased the pencil marks.

Synonyms

• Wear away: To gradually remove or deteriorate through use or friction.
• Scrape off: To remove by applying forceful friction with a sharp or hard edge.
• Transfer: To pass from one place or person to another (for the figurative sense).
• Impart: To communicate or pass on (a quality or feeling).

Related Phrasal Verbs

• Rub out: To erase or remove something completely by rubbing (e.g., pencil marks).
  • He rubbed out his mistake and wrote the correct answer.
• Rub down: To dry, clean, or smooth something by rubbing.
  • After the swim, she rubbed the horse down with a towel.

Related Idioms

• Some of (something) rubbed off on (someone): An idiom directly derived from the figurative use, meaning someone acquired a trait from another.
  • Living in France for a year, some of the local customs have rubbed off on him. (He has adopted some French customs.)

Verb

1. wear away