servomechanism
Noun: A servomechanism is an automatic control system that uses a small input signal or low-power mechanical motion to precisely control and produce a much larger, more powerful output motion or action. It often incorporates a negative feedback system to continuously monitor and correct the output, ensuring it accurately follows the command input.
A servomechanism is a key component in engineering and automation for achieving precise positional control or force amplification. * The automatic steering system on the ship uses a servomechanism to translate the pilot's small wheel movements into the powerful motion needed to turn the rudder. * In robotics, a servomechanism (or servo motor) allows for accurate control of a robot arm's joint angles.
- Negative Feedback Loop: This is a critical principle in servomechanisms. The system constantly measures the actual output (e.g., position, speed) and compares it to the desired input command. Any error or difference is fed back to the controller, which adjusts the power to the actuator to minimize this error. This creates a closed-loop system for high accuracy and stability.
- Servo (noun/informal): A common shortened form of "servomechanism" or "servomotor."
- The model airplane's ailerons are controlled by small servos.
- Servomotor (noun): The combination of a motor, a feedback sensor, and control circuitry that functions as a servomechanism.
- Servocontrol (noun): Control exercised through a servomechanism.
- Servosystem (noun): Another term for a servomechanism or a system containing one.
- Servo
- Follower system
- Position control system
- Closed-loop control system (describes the key feedback principle)
- Actuator: The component (like a motor or hydraulic piston) that provides the powerful physical output in a servomechanism.
- Error signal: In the feedback loop, this is the difference between the desired command and the measured output.
- Amplifier: The component that boosts the low-power control signal to the high power needed to drive the actuator.
- control system that converts a small mechanical motion into one requiring much greater power; may include a negative feedback system