top-down

Thân thiện

A manager presents a top-down organizational chart to her team.

Definition

Adjective: 1. Relating to a method or process that starts with a broad, general overview or high-level concept and then proceeds to analyze or address the specific details, components, or lower levels. This approach moves from the whole to its parts. 2. In management or organizational structure, describing a system where decisions and instructions are made by high-level authorities and then passed down to lower levels for implementation. It implies a hierarchical flow of control.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • The consultant recommended a top-down review of the entire company structure before making any departmental changes.
  • In top-down design, you first define the main function of a program and then break it into smaller sub-tasks.
  • The top-down management style meant that all new policies came directly from the CEO's office.

Advanced Usage

• "Top-down approach": A specific methodology that applies the top-down principle to problem-solving, design, or analysis.
  • Their research used a top-down approach, first examining global climate models before studying regional impacts.
• "Top-down processing" (Psychology): A theory of perception where an individual's expectations, knowledge, and context influence how they interpret sensory information.
  • When you read a sentence with a typo but understand it anyway, you are using top-down processing.

Variants and Related Words

• Top-downness (noun, rare): The quality or state of being top-down.
• Bottom-up (adjective): The opposite approach, starting with details or components and building up to a complete system or general understanding.

Synonyms

• Deductive
• Hierarchical
• Macro-to-micro
• Theory-driven

Antonyms

• Bottom-up
• Inductive
• Grassroots

Related Phrases

• Top-down decision-making: The practice of making decisions at a senior level without consulting lower-level employees.
  • The project failed due to ineffective top-down decision-making that ignored on-the-ground expertise.
• Top-down control: A system of management where authority is centralized.
  • The organization exercised strict top-down control over all its branches.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of an approach to a problem that begins at the highest conceptual level and works down to the details
   • a top-down analysis might begin by looking at macro-economic trends
   • top-down programming