vapor pressure
Definition
- Noun:
- The pressure exerted by a vapor: This is the pressure a vapor exerts when it is in equilibrium with its own liquid or solid phase, or when it is confined in a closed container.
- Saturated vapor pressure: Often, the term specifically refers to the maximum pressure a vapor can exert at a given temperature when it is in equilibrium with its liquid (or solid) form.
Usage
- Vapor pressure is a key concept in physical chemistry and thermodynamics.
- It is used to describe the volatility of a liquid; a higher vapor pressure indicates a more volatile liquid.
- It explains phenomena like evaporation, boiling, and the behavior of gases in closed systems.
Examples
- Noun:
- The vapor pressure of water at 100°C is equal to atmospheric pressure, which is why it boils.
- A volatile solvent like diethyl ether has a high vapor pressure at room temperature.
- Meteorologists consider the vapor pressure of water in the air when calculating humidity.
Advanced Usage
- "Equilibrium vapor pressure": Another term for saturated vapor pressure, emphasizing the state of dynamic equilibrium between evaporation and condensation.
- The equilibrium vapor pressure is dependent only on the substance and its temperature.
- "Partial vapor pressure": In a mixture of gases, this is the contribution to the total pressure from a specific vapor.
- Dalton's Law states that the total pressure is the sum of the partial vapor pressures of each component gas.
Variants and Related Words
- Saturation pressure: A synonym for saturated vapor pressure.
- Vapour pressure: The British English spelling.
- Evaporation: The process by which a liquid turns into a vapor, closely related to vapor pressure.
Synonyms
- Saturated vapor pressure (specific meaning)
- Equilibrium vapor pressure
Related Scientific Contexts
- Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
- Raoult's Law: A law of thermodynamics stating that the partial vapor pressure of a component in a mixture is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.
- Clausius-Clapeyron equation: Describes the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for a substance.
Noun
-
the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)
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