Definition

1. Noun (Linguistics):
   • Apposition: A grammatical construction in which two noun phrases are placed side by side, with the second phrase identifying, renaming, or describing the first. Both phrases refer to the same person or thing and hold the same grammatical function in the sentence.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Nhà văn Nam Cao rất nổi tiếng. (The writer Nam Cao is very famous.) [Here, "Nam Cao" is in apposition to "Nhà văn".]
  • Hà Nội, thủ đô của Việt Nam, rất cổ kính. (Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is very ancient.) [Here, "thủ đô của Việt Nam" is in apposition to "Hà Nội".]
  • Chúng tôi gặp anh Nam, giáo viên mới. (We met Mr. Nam, the new teacher.) [Here, "giáo viên mới" is in apposition to "anh Nam".]

Advanced Usage

• Restrictive vs. Non-restrictive Apposition: In English, this is often marked by commas. A non-restrictive apposition adds extra information and is set off by commas. A restrictive apposition is essential to identify the noun and uses no commas.
  • Nhà thơ Xuân Diệu được yêu thích. (The poet Xuân Diệu is beloved.) [Restrictive: specifies which poet.]
  • Xuân Diệu, một nhà thơ nổi tiếng, được yêu thích. (Xuân Diệu, a famous poet, is beloved.) [Non-restrictive: adds extra information.]

Variants and Related Words

• Cụm đồng vị (n): Appositive phrase.
  • "Thủ đô Hà Nội" là một cụm đồng vị. ("The capital Hanoi" is an appositive phrase.)

Synonyms

• Appositive: A word or phrase in apposition.

Related Grammatical Concepts

• Modifier: An appositive functions similarly to an adjective modifier but uses a noun phrase.
• Parenthetical Expression: Non-restrictive appositives often act as parenthetical information within a sentence.

1. (ngôn ngữ) Apposittion