Agrobacterium
Definition
Noun 1. A genus of bacteria: Agrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are notable for their ability to transfer genetic material into the genomes of plants, which can cause tumor-like growths called galls. 2. A plant pathogen: Specifically refers to bacteria within this genus that are pathogenic to plants, often causing crown gall disease.
Usage
- is primarily used in scientific and agricultural contexts.
- It is often discussed in relation to plant diseases, genetic engineering, and soil microbiology.
- As a genus name, it is typically capitalized and italicized () in formal writing.
Examples
- "The study focused on the infection mechanism of ."
- "Crown gall disease in roses is commonly caused by ."
- "Scientists use as a natural vector for introducing new genes into plants."
Advanced Usage
- Model organism in biotechnology: is not just studied as a pathogen but is harnessed as a critical tool in plant genetic engineering. Its natural DNA-transfer system (the Ti plasmid) is used to create genetically modified plants.
- Biological control: Some strains of are used as biocontrol agents against other, more harmful plant pathogens.
Variants and Related Words
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (n): The most well-known species within the genus, responsible for crown gall disease and widely used in biotechnology.
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes (n): A species that causes hairy root disease in plants.
- Agroinfection (n): The process of infecting a plant with a genetically engineered virus using as a delivery vector.
- Agrobacterial (adj): Relating to or caused by agrobacteria. (e.g., agrobacterial infection).
Synonyms
- Plant-pathogenic bacteria (general term)
- Crown gall bacterium (common name for )
Related Phrases
- Ti plasmid (Tumor-inducing plasmid): The circular piece of DNA in that is transferred into the plant cell, causing disease or used for genetic modification.
- T-DNA (Transfer DNA): The segment of the Ti plasmid that is actually inserted into the plant genome.
- Crown gall disease: The plant disease characterized by tumorous growths (galls), primarily caused by .
Noun
-
small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
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