Avesta

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Definition
  1. Proper noun:
    • The sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism, the ancient Iranian religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra). The Avesta is a collection of liturgical texts, hymns, prayers, and ritual instructions. It is written in the Avestan language, an ancient Iranian language.
Usage
  • The Avesta is the primary source for understanding Zoroastrian theology, cosmology, and ritual practice.
  • Scholars study the Avesta to learn about ancient Iranian culture and language.
  • The oldest existing manuscripts of the Avesta date from the 13th century AD, though the texts themselves are much older.
Examples
  • The Avesta contains the , hymns traditionally attributed to Zoroaster himself.
  • Priests recite passages from the Avesta during Zoroastrian ceremonies.
  • A central concept found in the Avesta is the cosmic struggle between good and evil.
Advanced Usage
  • The Avestan language: The language in which the Avesta is composed. It is closely related to Sanskrit.
  • Avestan alphabet: The special script developed to write the Avestan language and preserve the Avesta texts.
Variants and Related Words
  • Zend-Avesta: An older term sometimes used to refer to the Avesta along with its commentary (Zend). In modern scholarship, "Avesta" is the preferred term for the core scriptures.
  • Avestan (adjective): Pertaining to the Avesta or its language. (e.g., , ).
Synonyms
  • Zoroastrian scriptures
  • Zend (archaic, and often refers to the commentary)
Notes
  • The Avesta is not a single, unified book but a compilation of different texts composed over many centuries. Its current form was compiled during the Sasanian Empire (3rd to 7th centuries AD).
Noun
  1. a collection of Zoroastrian texts gathered during the 4th or 6th centuries

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