Definition

1. Noun:

   • The outer defensive wall of a castle: A "bailey" is the outer wall or series of walls that encloses the outer courtyard of a medieval castle, forming a key part of its fortifications.
   • The outer courtyard of a castle: A "bailey" also refers to the courtyard or ward itself, the open area enclosed by the outer defensive walls, often containing domestic buildings.

2. Noun (Proper):

   • Nathaniel Bailey (died 1742): An English lexicographer known for his etymological dictionary, which was a significant reference for Samuel Johnson.
   • Pearl Bailey (1918-1990): A celebrated American singer and actress.

Examples

• Noun (Castle Architecture):
  • The castle's bailey was filled with workshops and stables.
  • Attackers first had to breach the bailey before reaching the inner keep.

Advanced Usage

• "Inner bailey" and "outer bailey": Terms used to describe different courtyards within a castle's complex defenses. The inner bailey is closer to the main keep, while the outer bailey is a larger, more exposed courtyard.
  • The outer bailey housed the garrison, while the lord's family lived in the inner bailey.

Variants and Related Words

• Motte-and-bailey: A specific type of medieval castle design consisting of a motte (a raised earthwork with a keep) and one or more baileys.
  • The motte-and-bailey castle was a common design in Norman England.

Synonyms

• Ward: Another term for the courtyard enclosed by castle walls.
• Courtyard: A general term for an enclosed area, but specific to castles when used in a historical context.

Related Phrases

• To hold the bailey: A phrase (less common) that can imply defending the outer works or a secondary position.
  • Their strategy was to hold the bailey as long as possible to protect the inner keep.

Noun

1. the outer defensive wall that surrounds the outer courtyard of a castle
2. the outer courtyard of a castle
3. English lexicographer who was the first to treat etymology consistently; his work was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson (died in 1742)
4. United States singer (1918-1990)