Definition

Noun: 1. A form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Mongolia: A distinct school of Buddhism that incorporates the core teachings of Mahayana Buddhism with unique elements, including a strong emphasis on the role of spiritual teachers (lamas), complex tantric practices, and influences from the pre-Buddhist Bon religion and other indigenous traditions.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The study of Lamaism reveals a rich tapestry of philosophical thought and ritual practice.
  • Many Westerners first encountered Lamaism through the teachings of exiled Tibetan monks.
  • The art and iconography of Lamaism are highly symbolic and intricate.

Advanced Usage

• The term "Lamaism" is sometimes considered an older, external label. Practitioners and scholars often prefer more specific terms like Tibetan Buddhism or Vajrayana Buddhism, which are seen as more accurate and respectful.
• It can be used in historical or comparative religious contexts to discuss the syncretic nature of the tradition.
  • Early Western accounts often referred to the religion of Tibet as Lamaism.

Variants and Related Words

• Lamaist (adjective/noun): Pertaining to Lamaism, or a follower of Lamaism.
  • The monastery housed many Lamaist manuscripts.
• Lama (noun): A spiritual teacher or monk in Lamaism/Tibetan Buddhism.
• Tibetan Buddhism (noun): The preferred modern term for the Buddhist tradition of Tibet.
• Vajrayana Buddhism (noun): The "Diamond Vehicle" of Buddhism, which includes the tantric practices central to Tibetan Buddhism.

Synonyms

• Tibetan Buddhism
• Vajrayana (in the context of Tibetan traditions)

Notes on Meaning

The definition highlights that Lamaism is not a purely Buddhist doctrine but a syncretic system. It integrates: 1. Core Mahayana Buddhist philosophy and ethics. 2. Tantric (Vajrayana) rituals and meditation techniques. 3. Elements from pre-existing shamanistic traditions, such as the Tibetan Bon religion, which contribute practices related to local deities, oracles, and rituals for worldly purposes.

Noun

1. a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism