RNase

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Definition

Noun: A type of enzyme (specifically, a transferase) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA). It breaks down RNA molecules by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotide subunits.

Usage

Rnase is a scientific term used primarily in biochemistry and molecular biology. It refers to the enzyme responsible for RNA degradation. - It is often used in laboratory protocols to remove unwanted RNA from samples. - The term is typically used in its full form "ribonuclease" in formal writing, with "RNase" being a common abbreviation.

Examples
  • Noun:
    • The experiment requires the addition of rnase to ensure the DNA sample is free of RNA contamination.
    • RNase H is a specific type of rnase that degrades the RNA strand in an RNA-DNA hybrid.
Advanced Usage
  • "RNase-free": A critical condition in molecular biology work, describing reagents, water, or labware that have been treated to remove or inactivate any ribonuclease enzymes to prevent RNA degradation.
    • Always use RNase-free tubes for storing purified RNA.
  • "Ribonuclease (RNase) activity": Refers to the catalytic function of the enzyme.
    • The RNase activity in the cell lysate must be inhibited to isolate intact mRNA.
Variants and Related Words
  • Ribonuclease (n): The full, formal name for RNase.
  • RNase A, RNase H, RNase P (n): Names for specific, well-characterized types of ribonucleases with distinct functions.
  • Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) (n): A related enzyme that degrades DNA instead of RNA.
  • Nuclease (n): The broader category of enzymes that cleave nucleic acids, which includes both RNases and DNases.
Synonyms
  • Ribonuclease: The formal synonym.
  • RNA-degrading enzyme: A descriptive synonym.
Related Phrases
  • RNase inhibition: The process or use of agents to stop RNase activity.
    • The buffer contains an RNase inhibitor to protect the RNA during reverse transcription.
  • RNase contamination: The unwanted presence of RNase in a sample or reagent, which is a major concern in RNA research.
    • The failed experiment was likely due to RNase contamination.
Noun
  1. a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid

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