according

/ə'kɔ:diɳ/

Thân thiện

According to the weather forecast, it will rain this afternoon.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • In agreement or harmony: Being in a state of agreement, conformity, or accordance.
   • As reported or stated by: Used to indicate the source of information or a statement.

2. Adverb (archaic):

   • Accordingly; in a corresponding manner: In a way that corresponds or is appropriate.

Usage and Examples

• Adjective (often used in the phrase "according to"):

  • According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (This indicates the source of the information is the forecast.)
  • The project was completed according to the client's specifications. (This shows the work was in harmony with the client's requirements.)
  • Everything proceeded according to plan. (This means events happened in agreement with the plan.)

• Adverb (archaic, now typically found as "accordingly"):

  • He acted according, fulfilling his duty. (This means he acted in a corresponding or appropriate manner.)

Advanced Usage

• "According as" (conjunction, formal/archaic): Depending on whether; to the extent that.
  • You will be praised or criticized according as your work is good or bad. (Your reception depends on the quality of your work.)

Variants and Related Words

• According to (prepositional phrase): As stated or reported by; in a manner consistent with.
  • This is the most common modern usage.
• Accordingly (adverb): In a way that is appropriate to the particular circumstances; consequently.
  • The rules have changed; you must act accordingly.
• Accord (noun/verb): Agreement or harmony; to give or grant.
• Accordant (adjective): In agreement; harmonious.

Synonyms

• As per: According to; in accordance with (used in formal contexts).
  • Proceed as per the instructions.
• In accordance with: In agreement or conformity with.
  • In accordance with company policy.
• As stated by: As reported or declared by.

Notes on Usage

• The word "according" is almost never used alone in modern English. It is primarily used in the fixed prepositional phrase "according to".
• "According to" is used to introduce:
  • A source of information (e.g., According to Jane, the meeting is canceled).
  • A rule, system, or set of guidelines (e.g., Players are ranked according to their scores).
• Avoid using "according to me" to state your own opinion. Use "in my opinion" or "I think" instead. "According to" implies an external source.
• The archaic adverbial use ("He acted according") is rare and has been largely replaced by "accordingly".

Học thuật

Adjective

1. (followed by `to') as reported or stated by
   • according to historians
2. (followed by `to') in agreement with or accordant with
   • according to instructions