actinide

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actinide

A student points to the actinide series on a large periodic table poster.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • Any of a series of radioactive elements with atomic numbers 89 through 103: An "actinide" is any chemical element belonging to a specific group in the periodic table. These elements are all radioactive and share similar properties. The series begins with actinium (atomic number 89) and ends with lawrencium (atomic number 103).
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • Uranium and plutonium are two well-known actinides used in nuclear reactors.
    • The chemist specialized in studying the properties of the actinide series.
    • Disposal of radioactive waste containing actinides is a significant challenge.
Advanced Usage
  • "Actinide contraction": A phenomenon in chemistry where there is a greater-than-expected decrease in ionic radii across the actinide series, influencing their chemical properties.

    • The actinide contraction explains certain periodic trends in the chemistry of these elements.
  • "Transuranic actinides": Refers specifically to actinide elements with atomic numbers higher than uranium (92), all of which are human-made.

    • The transuranic actinides, like americium and curium, are produced in nuclear reactors.
Variants and Related Words
  • Actinoid (adj/noun): Often used synonymously with "actinide" to describe the series or its elements.

    • The actinoid elements are placed in the f-block of the periodic table.
  • Actinium (noun): The element (atomic number 89) that begins the actinide series.

Synonyms
  • Actinoid element: A direct synonym.
  • f-block element (from 89 to 103): A broader category specifying the electron orbital block.
Related Phrases
  • Actinide series: The complete set of 15 consecutive chemical elements in the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium.

    • The entire actinide series is radioactive.
  • Minor actinides: In nuclear chemistry, refers to actinides like neptunium, americium, and curium produced in nuclear fuel, which are not the primary uranium or plutonium fuels but are significant for waste management.

    • Advanced fuel cycles aim to transmute minor actinides to reduce long-term radioactivity.
actinide

A student points to the actinide series on a large periodic table poster.

Noun
  1. any of a series of radioactive elements with atomic numbers 89 through 103

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