actinomycosis

Thân thiện

A veterinarian examines a cow's jaw for signs of actinomycosis.

Definition

Noun: 1. A specific infectious disease: Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, primarily caused by Actinomyces species. It is characterized by the formation of painful abscesses and hard, lumpy swellings. A distinctive feature is the development of long, narrow channels (sinuses) that drain pus, which may contain tiny yellow granules.

Usage

• Actinomycosis is typically a slowly progressing infection.
• The disease most commonly affects the face and neck, but can also involve the lungs, abdomen, or other areas.
• While historically associated with cattle ("lumpy jaw"), human cases are usually not acquired directly from animals but from the patient's own bacterial flora.

Examples

• The patient was diagnosed with actinomycosis after a persistent jaw swelling began to drain pus.
• Cervicofacial actinomycosis often occurs following dental surgery or trauma to the mouth.
• Treatment of actinomycosis usually requires prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Advanced Usage

• Medical Context: In clinical settings, the diagnosis is often confirmed by identifying "sulfur granules" (colonies of the bacteria) in the drained pus under a microscope.
• Zoonotic Potential: Although it is classified as a zoonotic disease (can be transmitted from animals to humans), most human infections are endogenous, meaning the bacteria already reside in the body (e.g., in the mouth or gut) and cause infection when they penetrate deeper tissues.

Variants and Related Words

• Actinomycotic (adjective): Relating to or affected by actinomycosis.
  • The biopsy confirmed the presence of actinomycotic lesions.

Synonyms

• Lumpy jaw (a common name for the cervicofacial form, especially in cattle).
• Actinomycotic infection.

Notes on Meaning

The term specifically refers to the disease state caused by bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. It should not be confused with general bacterial infections or with nocardiosis, which is a similar but distinct disease caused by different bacteria.

Học thuật

Noun

1. disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses