allele

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allele

A scientist points to two different alleles on a large chromosome diagram.

Definition

Noun (Genetics): One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place (locus) on a specific chromosome. Alleles determine variations in inherited characteristics, such as eye color or blood type. For a given gene, an individual inherits one allele from each parent.

Usage
  • An allele is a specific version of a gene.
  • Different alleles for the same gene result in different observable traits, or phenotypes.
  • In a population, a gene can have multiple alleles, but an individual can only possess two (one on each paired chromosome).
Examples
  • The gene for flower color in pea plants has a purple allele and a white allele.
  • A person may inherit the allele for blue eyes from their mother and the allele for brown eyes from their father.
  • Genetic diversity within a species is due to the presence of many different alleles.
Advanced Usage
  • Dominant and Recessive Alleles: A dominant allele expresses its trait even when only one copy is present, while a recessive allele only expresses its trait when two copies are present.
    • Example: The allele for brown eyes is dominant over the allele for blue eyes.
  • Multiple Alleles: When a gene exists in more than two allelic forms within a population (e.g., the ABO blood group system in humans is controlled by three alleles: I^A, I^B, and i).
  • Allele Frequency: In population genetics, this refers to how common an allele is in a population.
Variants and Related Words
  • Allelic (adjective): Pertaining to alleles.
    • Example: The study focused on the allelic variation of the gene.
  • Allele Frequency (noun phrase): The relative frequency of an allele in a population.
Synonyms
  • Gene variant
  • Genetic variant
Related Concepts (Not Phrasal Verbs or Idioms)
  • Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual organism, often referring to the specific alleles present.
  • Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
  • Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
  • Locus: The specific physical location of a gene or allele on a chromosome.
allele

A scientist points to two different alleles on a large chromosome diagram.

Noun
  1. (genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character
    • some alleles are dominant over others

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